606 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 141, App. F 

3. 

Aeronautical knowledge training. 

(a) Each 

approved course must include at least the 
following ground training in the aero-
nautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph 
(b) of this section: 

(1) 40 hours of training if the course is for 

an initial issuance of a flight instructor cer-
tificate; or 

(2) 20 hours of training if the course is for 

an additional flight instructor rating. 

(b) Ground training must include the fol-

lowing aeronautical knowledge areas: 

(1) The fundamentals of instructing includ-

ing— 

(i) The learning process; 
(ii) Elements of effective teaching; 
(iii) Student evaluation and testing; 
(iv) Course development; 
(v) Lesson planning; and 
(vi) Classroom training techniques. 
(2) The aeronautical knowledge areas in 

which training is required for— 

(i) A recreational, private, and commercial 

pilot certificate that is appropriate to the 
aircraft category and class rating for which 
the course applies; and 

(ii) An instrument rating that is appro-

priate to the aircraft category and class rat-
ing for which the course applies, if the 
course is for an airplane or powered-lift air-
craft rating. 

(c) A student who satisfactorily completes 

2 years of study on the principles of edu-
cation at a college or university may be 
credited with no more than 20 hours of the 
training required in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section. 

4. 

Flight training. 

(a) Each approved course 

must include at least the following flight 
training on the approved areas of operation 
of paragraph (c) of this section appropriate 
to the flight instructor rating for which the 
course applies: 

(1) 25 hours, if the course is for an airplane, 

rotorcraft, or powered-lift rating; and 

(2) 10 hours, which must include 10 flights, 

if the course is for a glider category rating. 

(b) For the use of flight simulators or 

flight training devices: 

(1) The course may include training in a 

full flight simulator or flight training de-
vice, provided it is representative of the air-
craft for which the course is approved, meets 
the requirements of this paragraph, and the 
training is given by an authorized instruc-
tor. 

(2) Training in a full flight simulator that 

meets the requirements of § 141.41(a), may be 
credited for a maximum of 10 percent of the 
total flight training hour requirements of 
the approved course, or of this section, 
whichever is less. 

(3) Training in a flight training device that 

meets the requirements of § 141.41(a), may be 
credited for a maximum of 5 percent of the 
total flight training hour requirements of 

the approved course, or of this section, 
whichever is less. 

(4) Training in full flight simulators or 

flight training devices described in para-
graphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section, if used in 
combination, may be credited for a max-
imum of 10 percent of the total flight train-
ing hour requirements of the approved 
course, or of this section, whichever is less. 
However, credit for training in a flight train-
ing device that meets the requirements of 
§ 141.41(a) cannot exceed the limitation pro-
vided for in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. 

(c) Each approved course must include 

flight training on the approved areas of oper-
ation listed in this paragraph that are appro-
priate to the aircraft category and class rat-
ing for which the course applies— 

(1) 

For an airplane—single-engine course: 

(i) 

Fundamentals of instructing; 

(ii) Technical subject areas; 
(iii) Preflight preparation; 
(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be 

performed in flight; 

(v) Preflight procedures; 
(vi) Airport and seaplane base operations; 
(vii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds; 
(viii) Fundamentals of flight; 
(ix) Performance maneuvers; 
(x) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(xi) Slow flight, stalls, and spins; 
(xii) Basic instrument maneuvers; 
(xiii) Emergency operations; and 
(xiv) Postflight procedures. 
(2) 

For an airplane—multiengine course: 

(i) 

Fundamentals of instructing; 

(ii) Technical subject areas; 
(iii) Preflight preparation; 
(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be 

performed in flight; 

(v) Preflight procedures; 
(vi) Airport and seaplane base operations; 
(vii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds; 
(viii) Fundamentals of flight; 
(ix) Performance maneuvers; 
(x) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(xi) Slow flight and stalls; 
(xii) Basic instrument maneuvers; 
(xiii) Emergency operations; 
(xiv) Multiengine operations; and 
(xv) Postflight procedures. 
(3) 

For a rotorcraft—helicopter course: 

(i) 

Fundamentals of instructing; 

(ii) Technical subject areas; 
(iii) Preflight preparation; 
(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be 

performed in flight; 

(v) Preflight procedures; 
(vi) Airport and heliport operations; 
(vii) Hovering maneuvers; 
(viii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds; 
(ix) Fundamentals of flight; 
(x) Performance maneuvers; 
(xi) Emergency operations; 
(xii) Special operations; and 
(xiii) Postflight procedures. 

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