610 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 141, App. I 

and instrument departure and approach pro-
cedures; 

(9) Aircraft loading; weight and balance; 

use of charts, graphs, tables, formulas, and 
computations; and the effects on aircraft 
performance; 

(10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft’s 

flight characteristics and performance in 
normal and abnormal flight regimes; 

(11) Human factors; 
(12) Aeronautical decision making and 

judgment; and 

(13) Crew resource management to include 

crew communication and coordination. 

4. Flight training. 
(a) Course for an additional airplane cat-

egory and single engine class rating. 

(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, 

the course must include 15 hours of flight 
training on the areas of operations under 
part 141, appendix A, paragraph 4(c)(1) that 
include— 

(i) Two hours of flight training to an air-

port and at an airport that is located more 
than 25 nautical miles from the airport 
where the applicant normally trains, with 
three takeoffs and three landings, except as 
provided under § 61.100 of this chapter; and 

(ii) Three hours of flight training in an air-

craft with the airplane category and single 
engine class within 2 calendar months before 
the date of the practical test. 

(2) For the private pilot certificate, the 

course must include 20 hours of flight train-
ing on the areas of operations under part 141, 
appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(1). A flight simu-
lator and flight training device cannot be 
used to meet more than 4 hours of the train-
ing requirements, and the use of the flight 
training device is limited to 3 hours of the 4 
hours permitted. The course must include— 

(i) Three hours of cross country training in 

a single engine airplane, except as provided 
under § 61.111 of this chapter; 

(ii) Three hours of nighttime flight train-

ing in a single engine airplane that includes 
one cross country flight of more than 100 
nautical miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs 
and 10 landings to a full stop (with each 
landing involving a flight in the traffic pat-
tern) at an airport; 

(iii) Three hours of flight training in a sin-

gle engine airplane on the control and ma-
neuvering of the airplane solely by reference 
to instruments, including straight and level 
flight, constant airspeed climbs and de-
scents, turns to a heading, recovery from un-
usual flight attitudes, radio communica-
tions, and the use of navigation systems/fa-
cilities and radar services appropriate to in-
strument flight; and 

(iv) Three hours of flight training in a sin-

gle engine airplane within 2 calendar months 
before the date of the practical test. 

(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, 

the course must include 55 hours of flight 
training on the areas of operations under 

part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(1). A 
flight simulator and flight training device 
cannot be used to meet more than 16.5 hours 
of the training requirements, and the use of 
the flight training device is limited to 11 
hours of the 16.5 hours permitted. The course 
must include— 

(i) Five hours of instrument training in a 

single engine airplane that includes training 
using a view-limiting device on attitude in-
strument flying, partial panel skills, recov-
ery from unusual flight attitudes, and inter-
cepting and tracking navigational systems; 

(ii) Ten hours of training in an airplane 

that has retractable landing gear, flaps, and 
a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine- 
powered; 

(iii) One 2-hour cross country flight during 

daytime conditions in a single engine air-
plane, a total straight-line distance of more 
than 100 nautical miles from the original 
point of departure; 

(iv) One 2-hour cross country flight during 

nighttime conditions in a single engine air-
plane, a total straight-line distance of more 
than 100 nautical miles from the original 
point of departure; and 

(v) Three hours in a single engine airplane 

within 2 calendar months before the date of 
the practical test. 

(4) For the airline transport pilot certifi-

cate, the course must include 25 hours flight 
training, including 15 hours of instrument 
training, in a single engine airplane on the 
areas of operation under part 141, appendix 
E, paragraph 4.(c). A flight simulator and 
flight training device cannot be used to meet 
more than 12.5 hours of the training require-
ments; and the use of the flight training de-
vice is limited to 6.25 hours of the 12.5 hours 
permitted. 

(b) Course for an additional airplane cat-

egory and multiengine class rating. 

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the 

course requires 20 hours flight training on 
the areas of operations under part 141, appen-
dix B, paragraph 4.(d)(2). A flight simulator 
and flight training device cannot be used 
more than 4 hours to meet the training re-
quirements, and use of the flight training de-
vice is limited to 3 hours of the 4 hours per-
mitted. The course must include— 

(i) Three hours of cross country training in 

a multiengine airplane, except as provided 
under § 61.111 of this chapter; 

(ii) Three hours of nighttime flight train-

ing in a multiengine airplane that includes 
one cross country flight of more than 100 
nautical miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs 
and 10 landings to a full stop (with each 
landing involving a flight in the traffic pat-
tern) at an airport; 

(iii) Three hours of flight training in a 

multiengine airplane on the control and ma-
neuvering of a multiengine airplane solely 
by reference to instruments, including 
straight and level flight, constant airspeed 

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