620 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

Pt. 141, App. L 

(4) Pilot in command duties and respon-

sibilities for performing that special flight 
operation. 

(b) Flight training: 
(1) On that special flight operation; and 
(2) To develop skills, competency, pro-

ficiency, resourcefulness, self-confidence, 
and self-reliance in the student for per-
forming that special flight operation in a 
safe manner. 

10. 

Pilot refresher course. 

An approved spe-

cial preparation pilot refresher course for a 
pilot certificate, aircraft category and class 
rating, or an instrument rating must include 
at least the following— 

(a) 4 hours of aeronautical knowledge 

training on: 

(1) The aeronautical knowledge areas that 

are applicable to the level of pilot certifi-
cate, aircraft category and class rating, or 
instrument rating, as appropriate, that per-
tain to that course; 

(2) Safe piloting operating practices and 

procedures; and 

(3) Applicable provisions of parts 61 and 91 

of this chapter for pilots. 

(b) 6 hours of flight training on the ap-

proved areas of operation that are applicable 
to the level of pilot certificate, aircraft cat-
egory and class rating, or instrument rating, 
as appropriate, for performing pilot-in-com-
mand duties and responsibilities. 

11. 

Flight instructor refresher course. 

An ap-

proved special preparation flight instructor 
refresher course must include at least a com-
bined total of 16 hours of aeronautical 
knowledge training, flight training, or any 
combination of ground and flight training on 
the following— 

(a) Aeronautical knowledge training on: 
(1) The aeronautical knowledge areas of 

part 61 of this chapter that apply to student, 
recreational, private, and commercial pilot 
certificates and instrument ratings; 

(2) The aeronautical knowledge areas of 

part 61 of this chapter that apply to flight 
instructor certificates; 

(3) Safe piloting operating practices and 

procedures, including airport operations and 
operating in the National Airspace System; 
and 

(4) Applicable provisions of parts 61 and 91 

of this chapter that apply to pilots and flight 
instructors. 

(b) Flight training to review: 
(1) The approved areas of operations appli-

cable to student, recreational, private, and 
commercial pilot certificates and instrument 
ratings; and 

(2) The skills, competency, and proficiency 

for performing flight instructor duties and 
responsibilities. 

12. 

Ground instructor refresher course. 

An ap-

proved special preparation ground instructor 
refresher course must include at least 16 
hours of aeronautical knowledge training on: 

(a) The aeronautical knowledge areas of 

part 61 of this chapter that apply to student, 
recreational, private, and commercial pilots 
and instrument rated pilots; 

(b) The aeronautical knowledge areas of 

part 61 of this chapter that apply to ground 
instructors; 

(c) Safe piloting operating practices and 

procedures, including airport operations and 
operating in the National Airspace System; 
and 

(d) Applicable provisions of parts 61 and 91 

of this chapter that apply to pilots and 
ground instructors. 

13. Airline transport pilot certification 

training program. An approved airline trans-
port pilot certification training program 
must include the academic and FSTD train-
ing set forth in § 61.156 of this chapter. The 
FAA will not approve a course with fewer 
hours than those prescribed in § 61.156 of this 
chapter. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16347, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 141–9, 62 FR 40910, July 30, 1997, as 
amended by Amdt. 141–17, 78 FR 42380, July 
15, 2013; Amdt. 141–17A, 78 FR 53026, Aug. 28, 
2013; Docket FAA–2015–1846, Amdt. 141–18, 81 
FR 21462, Apr. 12, 2016] 

A

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141—P

ILOT

 

G

ROUND

S

CHOOL

C

OURSE

 

1. 

Applicability. 

This appendix prescribes 

the minimum curriculum for a pilot ground 
school course required under this part. 

2. 

General requirements. 

An approved course 

of training for a pilot ground school must in-
clude training on the aeronautical knowl-
edge areas that are: 

(a) Needed to safely exercise the privileges 

of the certificate, rating, or authority for 
which the course is established; and 

(b) Conducted to develop competency, pro-

ficiency, resourcefulness, self-confidence, 
and self-reliance in each student. 

3. 

Aeronautical knowledge training require-

ments. 

Each approved pilot ground school 

course must include: 

(a) The aeronautical knowledge training 

that is appropriate to the aircraft rating and 
pilot certificate level for which the course 
applies; and 

(b) An adequate number of total aero-

nautical knowledge training hours appro-
priate to the aircraft rating and pilot certifi-
cate level for which the course applies. 

4. 

Stage checks and end-of-course tests. 

Each 

person enrolled in a pilot ground school 
course must satisfactorily accomplish the 
stage checks and end-of-course tests, in ac-
cordance with the school’s approved training 
course, consisting of the approved areas of 
operation that are appropriate to the oper-
ating privileges or authorization that grad-
uation from the course will permit and for 
which the course applies. 

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