623 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

Pt. 141, App. M 

(x) Instrument approach procedures. 
(xi) Air traffic control clearances and pro-

cedures. 

(xii) Emergency operations. 
(xiii) Night operations. 
(xiv) Postflight procedures. 
(2) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving a multi-
engine airplane: 

(i) Preflight preparation. 
(ii) Preflight procedures. 
(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations. 
(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds. 
(v) Performance maneuvers. 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers. 
(vii) Navigation and navigation systems. 
(viii) Slow flight and stalls. 
(ix) Basic instrument maneuvers and flight 

by reference to instruments. 

(x) Instrument approach procedures. 
(xi) Air traffic control clearances and pro-

cedures. 

(xii) Emergency operations. 
(xiii) Multiengine operations. 
(xiv) Night operations. 
(xv) Postflight procedures. 
(3) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving a rotor-
craft helicopter: 

(i) Preflight preparation. 
(ii) Preflight procedures. 
(iii) Airport and heliport operations. 
(iv) Hovering maneuvers. 
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds. 
(vi) Performance maneuvers. 
(vii) Navigation and navigation systems. 
(viii) Basic instrument maneuvers and 

flight by reference to instruments. 

(ix) Instrument approach procedures. 
(x) Air traffic control clearances and pro-

cedures. 

(xi) Emergency operations. 
(xii) Night operations. 
(xiii) Postflight procedures. 
(4) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving a pow-
ered-lift: 

(i) Preflight preparation. 
(ii) Preflight procedures. 
(iii) Airport and heliport operations. 
(iv) Hovering maneuvers. 
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds. 
(vi) Performance maneuvers. 
(vii) Ground reference maneuvers. 
(viii) Navigation and navigation systems. 
(ix) Slow flight and stalls. 
(x) Basic instrument maneuvers and flight 

by reference to instruments. 

(xi) Instrument approach procedures. 
(xii) Air traffic control clearances and pro-

cedures. 

(xiii) Emergency operations. 
(xiv) Night operations. 
(xv) Postflight procedures. 
5. 

Solo flight training. 

Each approved course 

must include at least the following solo 
flight training: 

(a) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving an air-
plane single engine: 

Five hours of flying solo 

in a single-engine airplane on the appro-
priate areas of operation in paragraph (d)(1) 
of section 4 of this appendix that includes at 
least— 

(1) One solo cross-country flight of at least 

100 nautical miles with landings at a min-
imum of three points, and one segment of 
the flight consisting of a straight-line dis-
tance of at least 50 nautical miles between 
the takeoff and landing locations. 

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a 

full stop (with each landing involving a 
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport 
with an operating control tower. 

(b) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving an air-
plane multiengine: 

Five hours of flying solo in 

a multiengine airplane or 5 hours of per-
forming the duties of a pilot in command 
while under the supervision of an authorized 
instructor. The training must consist of the 
appropriate areas of operation in paragraph 
(d)(2) of section 4 of this appendix, and in-
clude at least— 

(1) One cross-country flight of at least 100 

nautical miles with landings at a minimum 
of three points, and one segment of the flight 
consisting of a straight-line distance of at 
least 50 nautical miles between the takeoff 
and landing locations. 

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a 

full stop (with each landing involving a 
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport 
with an operating control tower. 

(c) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving a heli-
copter: 

Five hours of flying solo in a heli-

copter on the appropriate areas of operation 
in paragraph (d)(3) of section 4 of this appen-
dix that includes at least— 

(1) One solo cross-country flight of more 

than 50 nautical miles with landings at a 
minimum of three points, and one segment 
of the flight consisting of a straight-line dis-
tance of at least 25 nautical miles between 
the takeoff and landing locations. 

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a 

full stop (with each landing involving a 
flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport 
with an operating control tower. 

(d) 

For a combined private pilot certification 

and instrument rating course involving a pow-
ered-lift: 

Five hours of flying solo in a pow-

ered-lift on the appropriate areas of oper-
ation in paragraph (d)(4) of section 4 of this 
appendix that includes at least— 

(1) One solo cross-country flight of at least 

100 nautical miles with landings at a min-
imum of three points, and one segment of 
the flight consisting of a straight-line dis-
tance of at least 50 nautical miles between 
the takeoff and landing locations. 

(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a 

full stop (with each landing involving a 

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