802 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–19 Edition) 

§ 170.3 

Control Tower

—See Airport Traffic 

Control Tower. 

Criteria 

means the standards used by 

the FAA for the determination of es-
tablishment or discontinuance of a 
service or facility at an airport. 

Departure 

means any aircraft taking 

off from an airport. 

Discontinuance 

means the withdrawal 

of a service and/or facility from an air-
port. 

Establishment 

means the provision of 

a service or facility at a candidate air-
port. 

Instrument approach 

means a series of 

predetermined maneuvers for the or-
derly transfer of an aircraft under in-
strument flight conditions from the be-
ginning of the initial approach to a 
landing, or to a point from which a 
landing may be made visually. It is 
prescribed and approved for a specific 
airport by competent authority. 

Instrument flight rules 

(IFR) means 

rules governing the procedures for con-
ducting flight under instrument mete-
orological conditions (IMC) instrument 
flight. 

Instrument landing system 

(ILS) means 

an instrument landing system whereby 
the pilot guides his approach to a run-
way solely by reference to instruments 
in the cockpit. In some instances, the 
signals received from the ground can be 
fed into the automatic pilot for auto-
matically controlled approaches. 

Instrument meteorological conditions 

(IMC) means weather conditions below 
the minimums prescribed for flight 
under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). 

Instrument operation 

means an air-

craft operation in accordance with an 
IFT flight plan or an operation where 
IFR separation between aircraft is pro-
vided by a terminal control facility or 
air route traffic control center 
(ARTCC). 

Life cycle benefits 

means the value of 

services provided to aviation users over 
the life span of a facility or service. 

Life cycle costs 

means the value of re-

search and development costs, invest-
ment costs, operation costs, mainte-
nance costs, and termination costs 
over the life span of a facility or serv-
ice. 

Maintenance costs 

means the costs in-

curred in servicing and maintaining a 
facility after establishment. 

Mean sea level 

(MSL) means the base 

commonly used in measuring altitudes. 

Microwave landing system 

(MLS) 

means a landing system which enables 
equipped aircraft to make curved and 
closely spaced approaches to properly 
instrumented airports. 

Noncommercial traffic 

means all air-

craft operations that are conducted 
free of compensation. 

Nonprecision approach procedure 

means an FAA standard for approach-
ing an IFR runway where no electronic 
glide slope is available. 

Nonscheduled commercial service 

means 

the carriage by aircraft in air com-
merce of persons or property for com-
pensation or hire that are not operated 
in regularly scheduled service such as 
charter flights. 

Present value 

(PV) means the value of 

a stream of future benefits or costs 
that are discounted to the present. 

PVB 

or 

BPV 

means the discounted 

value of life cycle benefits. 

PVC 

or 

CPV 

means the discounted 

value of life cycle benefits. 

PVCM 

or 

CMPV 

means the dis-

counted value of operations and main-
tenance costs less termination costs 
over a facility’s remaining life cycle. 

Runway 

means a defined rectangular 

area on a land airport prepared for the 
landing and takeoff of aircraft along 
its length. 

Runway visual range 

means an instru-

mentally derived value based on stand-
ard calibrations that represent the hor-
izontal distance a pilot will see down 
the runway from the approach end. 

Scheduled commercial service 

means 

the carriage by aircraft in air com-
merce under parts 121 and 135 of per-
sons or property for compensation or 
hire based on published flight sched-
ules. 

Separation 

means the spacing of air-

craft in flight and while landing and 
taking off to achieve their safe and or-
derly movement. 

Takeoff clearance 

means authoriza-

tion by an airport traffic control tower 
for an aircraft to take off. 

Tower cab 

means an ATC facility lo-

cated at an airport. Controllers at 
these facilities direct ground traffic, 
takeoffs, and landings. 

Traffic advisories 

means advisories 

issued to alert pilots to other known or 

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