171
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
Pt. 23
23.29
Empty weight and corresponding cen-
ter of gravity.
23.31
Removable ballast.
23.33
Propeller speed and pitch limits.
P
ERFORMANCE
23.45
General.
23.49
Stalling speed.
23.51
Takeoff speeds.
23.53
Takeoff performance.
23.55
Accelerate-stop distance.
23.57
Takeoff path.
23.59
Takeoff distance and takeoff run.
23.61
Takeoff flight path.
23.63
Climb: General.
23.65
Climb: All engines operating.
23.66
Takeoff climb: One-engine inoperative.
23.67
Climb: One engine inoperative.
23.69
Enroute climb/descent.
23.71
Glide: Single-engine airplanes.
23.73
Reference landing approach speed.
23.75
Landing distance.
23.77
Balked landing.
F
LIGHT
C
HARACTERISTICS
23.141
General.
C
ONTROLLABILITY AND
M
ANEUVERABILITY
23.143
General.
23.145
Longitudinal control.
23.147
Directional and lateral control.
23.149
Minimum control speed.
23.151
Acrobatic maneuvers.
23.153
Control during landings.
23.155
Elevator control force in maneuvers.
23.157
Rate of roll.
T
RIM
23.161
Trim.
S
TABILITY
23.171
General.
23.173
Static longitudinal stability.
23.175
Demonstration of static longitudinal
stability.
23.177
Static directional and lateral sta-
bility.
23.181
Dynamic stability.
S
TALLS
23.201
Wings level stall.
23.203
Turning flight and accelerated turn-
ing stalls.
23.207
Stall warning.
S
PINNING
23.221
Spinning.
G
ROUND AND
W
ATER
H
ANDLING
C
HARACTERISTICS
23.231
Longitudinal stability and control.
23.233
Directional stability and control.
23.235
Operation on unpaved surfaces.
23.237
Operation on water.
23.239
Spray characteristics.
M
ISCELLANEOUS
F
LIGHT
R
EQUIREMENTS
23.251
Vibration and buffeting.
23.253
High speed characteristics.
23.255
Out of trim characteristics.
Subpart C—Structure
G
ENERAL
23.301
Loads.
23.302
Canard or tandem wing configura-
tions.
23.303
Factor of safety.
23.305
Strength and deformation.
23.307
Proof of structure.
F
LIGHT
L
OADS
23.321
General.
23.331
Symmetrical flight conditions.
23.333
Flight envelope.
23.335
Design airspeeds.
23.337
Limit maneuvering load factors.
23.341
Gust loads factors.
23.343
Design fuel loads.
23.345
High lift devices.
23.347
Unsymmetrical flight conditions.
23.349
Rolling conditions.
23.351
Yawing conditions.
23.361
Engine torque.
23.363
Side load on engine mount.
23.365
Pressurized cabin loads.
23.367
Unsymmetrical loads due to engine
failure.
23.369
Rear lift truss.
23.371
Gyroscopic and aerodynamic loads.
23.373
Speed control devices.
C
ONTROL
S
URFACE AND
S
YSTEM
L
OADS
23.391
Control surface loads.
23.393
Loads parallel to hinge line.
23.395
Control system loads.
23.397
Limit control forces and torques.
23.399
Dual control system.
23.405
Secondary control system.
23.407
Trim tab effects.
23.409
Tabs.
23.415
Ground gust conditions.
H
ORIZONTAL
S
TABILIZING AND
B
ALANCING
S
URFACES
23.421
Balancing loads.
23.423
Maneuvering loads.
23.425
Gust loads.
23.427
Unsymmetrical loads.
V
ERTICAL
S
URFACES
23.441
Maneuvering loads.
23.443
Gust loads.
23.445
Outboard fins or winglets.
A
ILERONS AND
S
PECIAL
D
EVICES
23.455
Ailerons.
23.459
Special devices.
G
ROUND
L
OADS
23.471
General.
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