301 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 23.1321 

considered for the two-engine-inoper-
ative condition on airplanes with three 
or more engines. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2009–0738, 76 FR 75760, Dec. 2, 
2011] 

I

NSTRUMENTS

: I

NSTALLATION

 

§ 23.1311

Electronic display instru-

ment systems. 

(a) Electronic display indicators, in-

cluding those with features that make 
isolation and independence between 
powerplant instrument systems im-
practical, must: 

(1) Meet the arrangement and visi-

bility requirements of § 23.1321. 

(2) Be easily legible under all lighting 

conditions encountered in the cockpit, 
including direct sunlight, considering 
the expected electronic display bright-
ness level at the end of an electronic 
display indictor’s useful life. Specific 
limitations on display system useful 
life must be contained in the Instruc-
tions for Continued Airworthiness re-
quired by § 23.1529. 

(3) Not inhibit the primary display of 

attitude, airspeed, altitude, or power-
plant parameters needed by any pilot 
to set power within established limita-
tions, in any normal mode of oper-
ation. 

(4) Not inhibit the primary display of 

engine parameters needed by any pilot 
to properly set or monitor powerplant 
limitations during the engine starting 
mode of operation. 

(5) For certification for Instrument 

Flight Rules (IFR) operations, have an 
independent magnetic direction indi-
cator and either an independent sec-
ondary mechanical altimeter, airspeed 
indicator, and attitude instrument or 
an electronic display parameters for 
the altitude, airspeed, and attitude 
that are independent from the air-
plane’s primary electrical power sys-
tem. These secondary instruments may 
be installed in panel positions that are 
displaced from the primary positions 
specified by § 23.1321(d), but must be lo-
cated where they meet the pilot’s visi-
bility requirements of § 23.1321(a). 

(6) Incorporate sensory cues that pro-

vide a quick glance sense of rate and, 
where appropriate, trend information 
to the parameter being displayed to the 
pilot. 

(7) Incorporate equivalent visual dis-

plays of the instrument markings re-
quired by §§ 23.1541 through 23.1553, or 
visual displays that alert the pilot to 
abnormal operational values or ap-
proaches to established limitation val-
ues, for each parameter required to be 
displayed by this part. 

(b) The electronic display indicators, 

including their systems and installa-
tions, and considering other airplane 
systems, must be designed so that one 
display of information essential for 
continued safe flight and landing will 
be available within one second to the 
crew by a single pilot action or by 
automatic means for continued safe op-
eration, after any single failure or 
probable combination of failures. 

(c) As used in this section, ‘‘instru-

ment’’ includes devices that are phys-
ically contained in one unit, and de-
vices that are composed of two or more 
physically separate units or compo-
nents connected together (such as a re-
mote indicating gyroscopic direction 
indicator that includes a magnetic 
sensing element, a gyroscopic unit, an 
amplifier, and an indicator connected 
together). As used in this section, 
‘‘primary’’ display refers to the display 
of a parameter that is located in the 
instrument panel such that the pilot 
looks at it first when wanting to view 
that parameter. 

[Doc. No. 27806, 61 FR 5168, Feb. 9, 1996, as 
amended by Amdt. 23–62, 76 FR 75760, Dec. 2, 
2011] 

§ 23.1321

Arrangement and visibility. 

(a) Each flight, navigation, and pow-

erplant instrument for use by any re-
quired pilot during takeoff, initial 
climb, final approach, and landing 
must be located so that any pilot seat-
ed at the controls can monitor the air-
plane’s flight path and these instru-
ments with minimum head and eye 
movement. The powerplant instru-
ments for these flight conditions are 
those needed to set power within pow-
erplant limitations. 

(b) For each multiengine airplane, 

identical powerplant instruments must 
be located so as to prevent confusion as 
to which engine each instrument re-
lates. 

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