29 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

Pt. 60, App. A 

T

ABLE

A1A—M

INIMUM

S

IMULATOR

R

EQUIREMENTS

—Continued 

QPS requirements 

Simulator levels 

Information 

Entry No. 

General simulator requirements 

A 

B 

C 

D 

Notes 

2.c. ............

Surface operations must be rep-

resented to the extent that allows 
turns within the confines of the run-
way and adequate controls on the 
landing and roll-out from a crosswind 
approach to a landing.

X 

2.d. ...........

Ground handling and aerodynamic pro-

gramming must include the following: 

2.d.1. ........

Ground effect ........................................

X 

X 

X  Ground effect includes modeling that accounts for 

roundout, flare, touchdown, lift, drag, pitching mo-
ment, trim, and power while in ground effect. 

2.d.2. ........

Ground reaction ....................................

X 

X 

X 

Ground reaction includes modeling that accounts for 

strut deflections, tire friction, and side forces. This 
is the reaction of the airplane upon contact with 
the runway during landing, and may differ with 
changes in factors such as gross weight, air-
speed, or rate of descent on touchdown. 

2.d.3. ........

Ground handling characteristics, includ-

ing aerodynamic and ground reaction 
modeling including steering inputs, 
operations with crosswind, braking, 
thrust reversing, deceleration, and 
turning radius.

X X X 

2.e. ...........

If the aircraft being simulated is one of 

the aircraft listed in § 121.358, Low- 
altitude windshear system equipment 
requirements, the simulator must em-
ploy windshear models that provide 
training for recognition of windshear 
phenomena and the execution of re-
covery procedures. Models must be 
available to the instructor/evaluator 
for the following critical phases of 
flight: 

(1) Prior to takeoff rotation. 
(2) At liftoff. 
(3) During initial climb. 
(4) On final approach, below 500 ft 

AGL. 

X 

X  If desired, Level A and B simulators may qualify for 

windshear training by meeting these standards; 
see Attachment 5 of this appendix. Windshear 
models may consist of independent variable winds 
in multiple simultaneous components. The FAA 
Windshear Training Aid presents one acceptable 
means of compliance with simulator wind model 
requirements. 

The QTG must reference the FAA 

Windshear Training Aid or present al-
ternate airplane related data, includ-
ing the implementation method(s) 
used. If the alternate method is se-
lected, wind models from the Royal 
Aerospace Establishment (RAE), the 
Joint Airport Weather Studies 
(JAWS) Project and other recognized 
sources may be implemented, but 
must be supported and properly ref-
erenced in the QTG. Only those sim-
ulators meeting these requirements 
may be used to satisfy the training 
requirements of part 121 pertaining 
to a certificate holder’s approved low- 
altitude windshear flight training pro-
gram as described in § 121.409.

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