403 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.31 

training record from an authorized in-
structor who certifies the person has 
satisfactorily accomplished the ground 
training. The ground training must in-
clude at least the following subjects: 

(i) High-altitude aerodynamics and 

meteorology; 

(ii) Respiration; 
(iii) Effects, symptoms, and causes of 

hypoxia and any other high-altitude 
sickness; 

(iv) Duration of consciousness with-

out supplemental oxygen; 

(v) Effects of prolonged usage of sup-

plemental oxygen; 

(vi) Causes and effects of gas expan-

sion and gas bubble formation; 

(vii) Preventive measures for elimi-

nating gas expansion, gas bubble for-
mation, and high-altitude sickness; 

(viii) Physical phenomena and inci-

dents of decompression; and 

(ix) Any other physiological aspects 

of high-altitude flight. 

(2) Except as provided in paragraph 

(g)(3) of this section, no person may act 
as pilot in command of a pressurized 
aircraft unless that person has received 
and logged training from an authorized 
instructor in a pressurized aircraft, or 
in a flight simulator or flight training 
device that is representative of a pres-
surized aircraft, and obtained an en-
dorsement in the person’s logbook or 
training record from an authorized in-
structor who found the person pro-
ficient in the operation of a pressurized 
aircraft. The flight training must in-
clude at least the following subjects: 

(i) Normal cruise flight operations 

while operating above 25,000 feet MSL; 

(ii) Proper emergency procedures for 

simulated rapid decompression without 
actually depressurizing the aircraft; 
and 

(iii) Emergency descent procedures. 
(3) The training and endorsement re-

quired by paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of 
this section are not required if that 
person can document satisfactory ac-
complishment of any of the following 
in a pressurized aircraft, or in a flight 
simulator or flight training device that 
is representative of a pressurized air-
craft: 

(i) Serving as pilot in command be-

fore April 15, 1991; 

(ii) Completing a pilot proficiency 

check for a pilot certificate or rating 
before April 15, 1991; 

(iii) Completing an official pilot-in- 

command check conducted by the mili-
tary services of the United States; or 

(iv) Completing a pilot-in-command 

proficiency check under part 121, 125, 
or 135 of this chapter conducted by the 
Administrator or by an approved pilot 
check airman. 

(h) 

Additional aircraft type-specific 

training.  No person may serve as pilot 
in command of an aircraft that the Ad-
ministrator has determined requires 
aircraft type-specific training unless 
that person has— 

(1) Received and logged type-specific 

training in the aircraft, or in a flight 
simulator or flight training device that 
is representative of that type of air-
craft; and 

(2) Received a logbook endorsement 

from an authorized instructor who has 
found the person proficient in the oper-
ation of the aircraft and its systems. 

(i) 

Additional training required for op-

erating tailwheel airplanes. (1) Except as 
provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this sec-
tion, no person may act as pilot in 
command of a tailwheel airplane unless 
that person has received and logged 
flight training from an authorized in-
structor in a tailwheel airplane and re-
ceived an endorsement in the person’s 
logbook from an authorized instructor 
who found the person proficient in the 
operation of a tailwheel airplane. The 
flight training must include at least 
the following maneuvers and proce-
dures: 

(i) Normal and crosswind takeoffs 

and landings; 

(ii) Wheel landings (unless the manu-

facturer has recommended against such 
landings); and 

(iii) Go-around procedures. 
(2) The training and endorsement re-

quired by paragraph (i)(1) of this sec-
tion is not required if the person logged 
pilot-in-command time in a tailwheel 
airplane before April 15, 1991. 

(j) 

Additional training required for op-

erating a glider. (1) No person may act 
as pilot in command of a glider— 

(i) Using ground-tow procedures, un-

less that person has satisfactorily ac-
complished ground and flight training 

VerDate Mar<15>2010 

20:48 Jan 30, 2014

Jkt 232047

PO 00000

Frm 00413

Fmt 8010

Sfmt 8002

Q:\14\14V2.TXT

ofr150

PsN: PC150