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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–14 Edition) 

§ 61.65 

the instrument approach procedures 
conducted in that flight training device 
are limited to one precision and one 
nonprecision approach, provided the 
flight training device is approved for 
the procedure performed. 

(b) 

Aeronautical knowledge. A person 

who applies for an instrument rating 
must have received and logged ground 
training from an authorized instructor 
or accomplished a home-study course 
on the following aeronautical knowl-
edge areas that apply to the instru-
ment rating sought: 

(1) Federal Aviation Regulations of 

this chapter that apply to flight oper-
ations under IFR; 

(2) Appropriate information that ap-

plies to flight operations under IFR in 
the ‘‘Aeronautical Information Man-
ual;’’ 

(3) Air traffic control system and pro-

cedures for instrument flight oper-
ations; 

(4) IFR navigation and approaches by 

use of navigation systems; 

(5) Use of IFR en route and instru-

ment approach procedure charts; 

(6) Procurement and use of aviation 

weather reports and forecasts and the 
elements of forecasting weather trends 
based on that information and personal 
observation of weather conditions; 

(7) Safe and efficient operation of air-

craft under instrument flight rules and 
conditions; 

(8) Recognition of critical weather 

situations and windshear avoidance; 

(9) Aeronautical decision making and 

judgment; and 

(10) Crew resource management, in-

cluding crew communication and co-
ordination. 

(c) 

Flight proficiency. A person who 

applies for an instrument rating must 
receive and log training from an au-
thorized instructor in an aircraft, or in 
a flight simulator or flight training de-
vice, in accordance with paragraph (g) 
of this section, that includes the fol-
lowing areas of operation: 

(1) Preflight preparation; 
(2) Preflight procedures; 
(3) Air traffic control clearances and 

procedures; 

(4) Flight by reference to instru-

ments; 

(5) Navigation systems; 
(6) Instrument approach procedures; 

(7) Emergency operations; and 
(8) Postflight procedures. 
(d) 

Aeronautical experience for the in-

strument-airplane rating. A person who 
applies for an instrument-airplane rat-
ing must have logged: 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph 

(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross- 
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have 
been in an airplane; and 

(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-

lated instrument time in the areas of 
operation listed in paragraph (c) of this 
section, of which 15 hours must have 
been received from an authorized in-
structor who holds an instrument-air-
plane rating, and the instrument time 
includes: 

(i) Three hours of instrument flight 

training from an authorized instructor 
in an airplane that is appropriate to 
the instrument-airplane rating within 
2 calendar months before the date of 
the practical test; and 

(ii) Instrument flight training on 

cross country flight procedures, includ-
ing one cross country flight in an air-
plane with an authorized instructor, 
that is performed under instrument 
flight rules, when a flight plan has 
been filed with an air traffic control fa-
cility, and that involves— 

(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles 

along airways or by directed routing 
from an air traffic control facility; 

(B) An instrument approach at each 

airport; and 

(C) Three different kinds of ap-

proaches with the use of navigation 
systems. 

(e) 

Aeronautical experience for the in-

strument-helicopter rating. A person who 
applies for an instrument-helicopter 
rating must have logged: 

(1) Except as provided in paragraph 

(g) of this section, 50 hours of cross- 
country flight time as pilot in com-
mand, of which 10 hours must have 
been in a helicopter; and 

(2) Forty hours of actual or simu-

lated instrument time in the areas of 
operation listed under paragraph (c) of 
this section, of which 15 hours must 
have been with an authorized instruc-
tor who holds an instrument-helicopter 
rating, and the instrument time in-
cludes: 

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