457 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.109 

(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and heliport operations; 
(iv) Hovering maneuvers; 
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(vi) Performance maneuvers; 
(vii) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(viii) Navigation; 
(ix) Slow flight and stalls; 
(x) Basic instrument maneuvers; 
(xi) Emergency operations; 
(xii) Night operations, except as pro-

vided in § 61.110 of this part; and 

(xiii) Postflight procedures. 
(6) For a glider category rating: 
(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and gliderport oper-

ations; 

(iv) Launches and landings; 
(v) Performance speeds; 
(vi) Soaring techniques; 
(vii) Performance maneuvers; 
(viii) Navigation; 
(ix) Slow flight and stalls; 
(x) Emergency operations; and 
(xi) Postflight procedures. 
(7) For a lighter-than-air category 

rating with an airship class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport operations; 
(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Emergency operations; and 
(ix) Postflight procedures. 
(8) For a lighter-than-air category 

rating with a balloon class rating: 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport operations; 
(iv) Launches and landings; 
(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Navigation; 
(vii) Emergency operations; and 
(viii) Postflight procedures. 
(9) For a powered parachute category 

rating— 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and seaplane base oper-

ations, as applicable; 

(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 

(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Night operations, except as pro-

vided in § 61.110; 

(ix) Emergency operations; and 
(x) Post-flight procedures. 
(10) For a weight-shift-control air-

craft category rating— 

(i) Preflight preparation; 
(ii) Preflight procedures; 
(iii) Airport and seaplane base oper-

ations, as applicable; 

(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go- 

arounds; 

(v) Performance maneuvers; 
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(vii) Navigation; 
(viii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(ix) Night operations, except as pro-

vided in § 61.110; 

(x) Emergency operations; and 
(xi) Post-flight procedures. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as 
amended by Amdt. 61–110, 69 FR 44868, July 
27, 2004] 

§ 61.109

Aeronautical experience. 

(a) 

For an airplane single-engine rat-

ing.  Except as provided in paragraph 
(k) of this section, a person who applies 
for a private pilot certificate with an 
airplane category and single-engine 
class rating must log at least 40 hours 
of flight time that includes at least 20 
hours of flight training from an au-
thorized instructor and 10 hours of solo 
flight training in the areas of operation 
listed in § 61.107(b)(1) of this part, and 
the training must include at least— 

(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight 

training in a single-engine airplane; 

(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of 

this part, 3 hours of night flight train-
ing in a single-engine airplane that in-
cludes— 

(i) One cross-country flight of over 

100 nautical miles total distance; and 

(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a 

full stop (with each landing involving a 
flight in the traffic pattern) at an air-
port. 

(3) 3 hours of flight training in a sin-

gle-engine airplane on the control and 
maneuvering of an airplane solely by 
reference to instruments, including 
straight and level flight, constant air-
speed climbs and descents, turns to a 
heading, recovery from unusual flight 
attitudes, radio communications, and 
the use of navigation systems/facilities 

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