473 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.156 

to the aircraft category and class rat-
ing sought before applying for the prac-
tical test; 

(g) Pass a knowledge test on the 

aeronautical knowledge areas of 
§ 61.155(c) of this part that apply to the 
aircraft category and class rating 
sought; 

(h) Pass the practical test on the 

areas of operation listed in § 61.157(e) of 
this part that apply to the aircraft cat-
egory and class rating sought; and 

(i) Comply with the sections of this 

subpart that apply to the aircraft cat-
egory and class rating sought. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40905, July 30, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42559, Aug. 21, 2009; 
Amdt. 61–130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013] 

§ 61.155

Aeronautical knowledge. 

(a) 

General.  The knowledge test for 

an airline transport pilot certificate is 
based on the aeronautical knowledge 
areas listed in paragraph (c) of this sec-
tion that are appropriate to the air-
craft category and class rating sought. 

(b) 

Aircraft type rating. A person who 

is applying for an additional aircraft 
type rating to be added to an airline 
transport pilot certificate is not re-
quired to pass a knowledge test if that 
person’s airline transport pilot certifi-
cate lists the aircraft category and 
class rating that is appropriate to the 
type rating sought. 

(c) 

Aeronautical knowledge areas. (1) 

Applicable Federal Aviation Regula-
tions of this chapter that relate to air-
line transport pilot privileges, limita-
tions, and flight operations; 

(2) Meteorology, including knowledge 

of and effects of fronts, frontal charac-
teristics, cloud formations, icing, and 
upper-air data; 

(3) General system of weather and 

NOTAM collection, dissemination, in-
terpretation, and use; 

(4) Interpretation and use of weather 

charts, maps, forecasts, sequence re-
ports, abbreviations, and symbols; 

(5) National Weather Service func-

tions as they pertain to operations in 
the National Airspace System; 

(6) Windshear and microburst aware-

ness, identification, and avoidance; 

(7) Principles of air navigation under 

instrument meteorological conditions 
in the National Airspace System; 

(8) Air traffic control procedures and 

pilot responsibilities as they relate to 
en route operations, terminal area and 
radar operations, and instrument de-
parture and approach procedures; 

(9) Aircraft loading, weight and bal-

ance, use of charts, graphs, tables, for-
mulas, and computations, and their ef-
fect on aircraft performance; 

(10) Aerodynamics relating to an air-

craft’s flight characteristics and per-
formance in normal and abnormal 
flight regimes; 

(11) Human factors; 
(12) Aeronautical decision making 

and judgment; 

(13) Crew resource management to in-

clude crew communication and coordi-
nation; and 

(14) After July 31, 2014, for airplane 

category multiengine class rating or 
airplane type rating, the content of the 
airline transport pilot certification 
training program in § 61.156. 

(d) An applicant who successfully 

completes the knowledge test for an 
airline transport pilot certificate prior 
to August 1, 2014, must successfully 
complete the practical test within 24 
months from the month in which the 
knowledge test was successfully com-
pleted. An applicant who passes the 
knowledge test prior to August 1, 2014, 
but fails to successfully complete the 
practical test within 24 months must 
complete the airline transport pilot 
certification training program speci-
fied in § 61.156 and retake the knowl-
edge test prior to applying for the prac-
tical test. 

[Docket No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as 
amended by Amdt. 61–130, 78 FR 42374, July 
15, 2013] 

§ 61.156

Training requirements: Air-

plane category—multiengine class 
rating or airplane type rating con-
currently with airline transport 
pilot certificate. 

After July 31, 2014, a person who ap-

plies for the knowledge test for an air-
line transport pilot certificate with an 
airplane category multiengine class 
rating must present a graduation cer-
tificate from an authorized training 
provider under part 121, 135, 141, or 142 
of this chapter certifying the applicant 
has completed the following training in 

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