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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–14 Edition)
§ 91.173
to the bearing transmitted by the re-
pair station for the check and the date
of transmission.
(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2120–0005)
§ 91.173
ATC clearance and flight plan
required.
No person may operate an aircraft in
controlled airspace under IFR unless
that person has—
(a) Filed an IFR flight plan; and
(b) Received an appropriate ATC
clearance.
§ 91.175
Takeoff and landing under
IFR.
(a)
Instrument approaches to civil air-
ports. Unless otherwise authorized by
the FAA, when it is necessary to use an
instrument approach to a civil airport,
each person operating an aircraft must
use a standard instrument approach
procedure prescribed in part 97 of this
chapter for that airport. This para-
graph does not apply to United States
military aircraft.
(b)
Authorized DA/DH or MDA. For the
purpose of this section, when the ap-
proach procedure being used provides
for and requires the use of a DA/DH or
MDA, the authorized DA/DH or MDA is
the highest of the following:
(1) The DA/DH or MDA prescribed by
the approach procedure.
(2) The DA/DH or MDA prescribed for
the pilot in command.
(3) The DA/DH or MDA appropriate
for the aircraft equipment available
and used during the approach.
(c)
Operation below DA/ DH or MDA.
Except as provided in paragraph (l) of
this section, where a DA/DH or MDA is
applicable, no pilot may operate an air-
craft, except a military aircraft of the
United States, below the authorized
MDA or continue an approach below
the authorized DA/DH unless—
(1) The aircraft is continuously in a
position from which a descent to a
landing on the intended runway can be
made at a normal rate of descent using
normal maneuvers, and for operations
conducted under part 121 or part 135 un-
less that descent rate will allow touch-
down to occur within the touchdown
zone of the runway of intended landing;
(2) The flight visibility is not less
than the visibility prescribed in the
standard instrument approach being
used; and
(3) Except for a Category II or Cat-
egory III approach where any necessary
visual reference requirements are spec-
ified by the Administrator, at least one
of the following visual references for
the intended runway is distinctly visi-
ble and identifiable to the pilot:
(i) The approach light system, except
that the pilot may not descend below
100 feet above the touchdown zone ele-
vation using the approach lights as a
reference unless the red terminating
bars or the red side row bars are also
distinctly visible and identifiable.
(ii) The threshold.
(iii) The threshold markings.
(iv) The threshold lights.
(v) The runway end identifier lights.
(vi) The visual approach slope indi-
cator.
(vii) The touchdown zone or touch-
down zone markings.
(viii) The touchdown zone lights.
(ix) The runway or runway markings.
(x) The runway lights.
(d)
Landing. No pilot operating an
aircraft, except a military aircraft of
the United States, may land that air-
craft when—
(1) For operations conducted under
paragraph (l) of this section, the re-
quirements of (l)(4) of this section are
not met; or
(2) For all other part 91 operations
and parts 121, 125, 129, and 135 oper-
ations, the flight visibility is less than
the visibility prescribed in the stand-
ard instrument approach procedure
being used.
(e)
Missed approach procedures. Each
pilot operating an aircraft, except a
military aircraft of the United States,
shall immediately execute an appro-
priate missed approach procedure when
either of the following conditions exist:
(1) Whenever operating an aircraft
pursuant to paragraph (c) or (l) of this
section and the requirements of that
paragraph are not met at either of the
following times:
(i) When the aircraft is being oper-
ated below MDA; or
(ii) Upon arrival at the missed ap-
proach point, including a DA/DH where
a DA/DH is specified and its use is re-
quired, and at any time after that until
touchdown.
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