732
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–14 Edition)
§ 91.205
§ 91.205
Powered civil aircraft with
standard category U.S. airworthi-
ness certificates: Instrument and
equipment requirements.
(a)
General. Except as provided in
paragraphs (c)(3) and (e) of this section,
no person may operate a powered civil
aircraft with a standard category U.S.
airworthiness certificate in any oper-
ation described in paragraphs (b)
through (f) of this section unless that
aircraft contains the instruments and
equipment specified in those para-
graphs (or FAA-approved equivalents)
for that type of operation, and those
instruments and items of equipment
are in operable condition.
(b)
Visual-flight rules (day). For VFR
flight during the day, the following in-
struments and equipment are required:
(1) Airspeed indicator.
(2) Altimeter.
(3) Magnetic direction indicator.
(4) Tachometer for each engine.
(5) Oil pressure gauge for each engine
using pressure system.
(6) Temperature gauge for each liq-
uid-cooled engine.
(7) Oil temperature gauge for each
air-cooled engine.
(8) Manifold pressure gauge for each
altitude engine.
(9) Fuel gauge indicating the quan-
tity of fuel in each tank.
(10) Landing gear position indicator,
if the aircraft has a retractable landing
gear.
(11) For small civil airplanes certifi-
cated after March 11, 1996, in accord-
ance with part 23 of this chapter, an
approved aviation red or aviation white
anticollision light system. In the event
of failure of any light of the anti-
collision light system, operation of the
aircraft may continue to a location
where repairs or replacement can be
made.
(12) If the aircraft is operated for hire
over water and beyond power-off glid-
ing distance from shore, approved flo-
tation gear readily available to each
occupant and, unless the aircraft is op-
erating under part 121 of this sub-
chapter, at least one pyrotechnic sig-
naling device. As used in this section,
‘‘shore’’ means that area of the land
adjacent to the water which is above
the high water mark and excludes land
areas which are intermittently under
water.
(13) An approved safety belt with an
approved metal-to-metal latching de-
vice for each occupant 2 years of age or
older.
(14) For small civil airplanes manu-
factured after July 18, 1978, an ap-
proved shoulder harness for each front
seat. The shoulder harness must be de-
signed to protect the occupant from se-
rious head injury when the occupant
experiences the ultimate inertia forces
specified in § 23.561(b)(2) of this chapter.
Each shoulder harness installed at a
flight crewmember station must per-
mit the crewmember, when seated and
with the safety belt and shoulder har-
ness fastened, to perform all functions
necessary for flight operations. For
purposes of this paragraph—
(i) The date of manufacture of an air-
plane is the date the inspection accept-
ance records reflect that the airplane is
complete and meets the FAA-approved
type design data; and
(ii) A front seat is a seat located at a
flight crewmember station or any seat
located alongside such a seat.
(15) An emergency locator trans-
mitter, if required by § 91.207.
(16) For normal, utility, and acro-
batic category airplanes with a seating
configuration, excluding pilot seats, of
9 or less, manufactured after December
12, 1986, a shoulder harness for—
(i) Each front seat that meets the re-
quirements of § 23.785 (g) and (h) of this
chapter in effect on December 12, 1985;
(ii) Each additional seat that meets
the requirements of § 23.785(g) of this
chapter in effect on December 12, 1985.
(17) For rotorcraft manufactured
after September 16, 1992, a shoulder
harness for each seat that meets the
requirements of § 27.2 or § 29.2 of this
chapter in effect on September 16, 1991.
(c)
Visual flight rules (night). For VFR
flight at night, the following instru-
ments and equipment are required:
(1) Instruments and equipment speci-
fied in paragraph (b) of this section.
(2) Approved position lights.
(3) An approved aviation red or avia-
tion white anticollision light system
on all U.S.-registered civil aircraft.
Anticollision light systems initially in-
stalled after August 11, 1971, on aircraft
for which a type certificate was issued
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