894 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–14 Edition) 

§ 105.5 

and Geodetic Survey World Aero-
nautical Chart or Sectional Aero-
nautical Chart, when the nearest VOR 
facility is more than 30 nautical miles 
from the drop zone. 

Foreign parachutist means a para-

chutist who is neither a U.S. citizen or 
a resident alien and is participating in 
parachute operations within the United 
States using parachute equipment not 
manufctured in the United States. 

Freefall  means the portion of a para-

chute jump or drop between aircraft 
exit and parachute deployment in 
which the parachute is activated 
manually by the parachutist at the 
parachutist’s discretion or automati-
cally, or, in the case of an object, is ac-
tivated automatically. 

Main parachute means a parachute 

worn as the primary parachute used or 
intended to be used in conjunction with 
a reserve parachute. 

Object  means any item other than a 

person that descends to the surface 
from an aircraft in flight when a para-
chute is used or is intended to be used 
during all or part of the descent. 

Parachute drop means the descent of 

an object to the surface from an air-
craft in flight when a parachute is used 
or intended to be used during all or 
part of that descent. 

Parachute jump means a parachute 

operation that involves the descent of 
one or more persons to the surface 
from an aircraft in flight when an air-
craft is used or intended to be used dur-
ing all or part of that descent. 

Parachute operation means the per-

formance of all activity for the purpose 
of, or in support of, a parachute jump 
or a parachute drop. This parachute op-
eration can involve, but is not limited 
to, the following persons: parachutist, 
parachutist in command and passenger 
in tandem parachute operations, drop 
zone or owner or operator, jump mas-
ter, certificated parachute rigger, or 
pilot. 

Parachutist  means a person who in-

tends to exit an aircraft while in flight 
using a single-harness, dual parachute 
system to descend to the surface. 

Parachutist in command means the 

person responsible fro the operation 
and safety of a tandem parachute oper-
ation. 

Passenger parachutist means a person 

who boards an aircraft, acting as other 
than the parachutist in command of a 
tandem parachute operation, with the 
intent of exiting the aircraft while in- 
flight using the forward harness of a 
dual harness tandem parachute system 
to descend to the surface. 

Pilot chute means a small parachute 

used to initiate and/or accelerate de-
ployment of a main or reserve para-
chute. 

Ram-air parachute means a parachute 

with a canopy consisting of an upper 
and lower surface that is inflated by 
ram air entering through specially de-
signed openings in the front of the can-
opy to form a gliding airfoil. 

Reserve parachute means an approved 

parachute worn for emergency use to 
be activated only upon failure of the 
main parachute or in any other emer-
gency where use of the main parachute 
is impractical or use of the main para-
chute would increase risk. 

Single-harness, dual parachute system: 

means the combination of a main para-
chute, approved reserve parachute, and 
approved single person harness and 
dual-parachute container. This para-
chute system may have an operational 
automatic activation device installed. 

Tandem parachute operation: means a 

parachute operation in which more 
than one person simultaneously uses 
the same tandem parachute system 
while descending to the surface from 
an aircraft in flight. 

Tandem parachute system: means the 

combination of a main parachute, ap-
proved reserve parachute, and approved 
harness and dual parachute container, 
and a separate approved forward har-
ness for a passenger parachutist. This 
parachute system must have an oper-
ational automatic activation device in-
stalled. 

§ 105.5

General. 

No person may conduct a parachute 

operation, and no pilot in command of 
an aircraft may allow a parachute op-
eration to be conducted from an air-
craft, if that operation creates a hazard 
to air traffic or to persons or property 
on the surface. 

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