AIM
4/3/14
4−5−17
Surveillance Systems
2.
Use of ADS−B radar services is limited to the
service volume of the GBT.
NOTE
−
The coverage volume of GBTs are limited to line
−of−sight.
f. Reports of ADS
−B Malfunctions
Users of ADS−B can provide valuable assistance in
the correction of malfunctions by reporting instances
of undesirable system performance. Reports should
identify the time of observation, location, type and
identity of aircraft, and describe the condition
observed; the type of avionics system and its software
version in use should also be included. Since ADS−B
performance is monitored by maintenance personnel
rather than ATC, it is suggested that malfunctions be
reported in any one of the following ways:
1.
By radio or telephone to the nearest Flight
Service Station (FSS) facility.
2.
By FAA Form 8740−5, Safety Improvement
Report, a postage−paid card is designed for this
purpose. These cards may be obtained from FAA
FSSs, Flight Standards District Offices, and general
aviation fixed−based operators.
3.
By reporting the failure directly to the FAA
Safe Flight 21 program at 1−877−FLYADSB or
http://www.adsb.gov
.
4
−
5
−
8. Traffic Information Service
−
Broadcast (TIS
−
B)
TIS−B is the broadcast of ATC derived traffic
information to ADS−B equipped (1090ES or UAT)
aircraft from ground radio stations. The source of this
traffic information is derived from ground−based air
traffic surveillance radar sensors. TIS−B service
will be available throughout the NAS where there are
both adequate surveillance coverage (radar) from
ground sensors and adequate broadcast coverage
from ADS−B ground radio stations. The quality level
of traffic information provided by TIS−B is
dependent upon the number and type of ground
sensors available as TIS−B sources and the
timeliness of the reported data.
a. TIS
−B Requirements.
In order to receive TIS−B service, the following
conditions must exist:
1.
Aircraft must be equipped with an ADS−B
transmitter/receiver or transceiver, and a cockpit
display of traffic information (CDTI).
2.
Aircraft must fly within the coverage volume
of a compatible ground radio station that is
configured for TIS−B uplinks. (Not all ground radio
stations provide TIS−B due to a lack of radar
coverage or because a radar feed is not available).
3.
Aircraft must be within the coverage of and
detected by at least one ATC radar serving the ground
radio station in use.
b. TIS
−B Capabilities.
1.
TIS−B is intended to provide ADS−B
equipped aircraft with a more complete traffic picture
in situations where not all nearby aircraft are
equipped with ADS−B Out. This advisory−only
application is intended to enhance a pilot’s visual
acquisition of other traffic.
2.
Only transponder−equipped targets
(i.e., Mode A/C or Mode S transponders) are
transmitted through the ATC ground system
architecture. Current radar siting may result in
limited radar surveillance coverage at lower
altitudes near some airports, with subsequently
limited TIS−B service volume coverage. If there is
no radar coverage in a given area, then there will be
no TIS−B coverage in that area.
c. TIS
−B Limitations.
1.
TIS−B is NOT intended to be used as a
collision avoidance system and does not relieve the
pilot’s responsibility to “see and avoid” other aircraft,
in accordance with 14CFR §91.113b. TIS−B must
not be used for avoidance maneuvers during times
when there is no visual contact with the intruder
aircraft. TIS−B is intended only to assist in the visual
acquisition of other aircraft.
NOTE
−
No aircraft avoidance maneuvers are authorized as a
direct result of a TIS
−B target being displayed in the
cockpit.
2.
While TIS−B is a useful aid to visual traffic
avoidance, its inherent system limitations must be
understood to ensure proper use.
(a)
A pilot may receive an intermittent TIS−B
target of themselves, typically when maneuvering
(e.g., climbing turns) due to the radar not tracking
the aircraft as quickly as ADS−B.