Index   386 -- Page 387 -- 388

12/10/15                                                                                                    AIM




  b. Types of RNP AR Approach Operations                                         FIG 5-4-25

    1. RNP Stand-alone Approach Operations.
RNP AR procedures can provide access to runways
regardless of the ground-based NAVAID
infrastructure, and can be designed to avoid
obstacles, terrain, airspace, or resolve environmental
constraints.

     2. RNP Parallel Approach (RPA)
Operations. RNP AR procedures can be used for
parallel approaches where the runway separation is
adequate (See FIG 5-4-24). Parallel approach
procedures can be used either simultaneously or as
stand-alone operations. They may be part of either
independent or dependent operations depending on
the ATC ability to provide radar monitoring.


                       FIG 5-4-24




                                                                4. RNP Converging Runway Operations. At
                                                           airports where runways converge, but may or may not
                                                           intersect, an RNP AR approach can provide a precise
                                                           curved missed approach path that conforms to aircraft
                                                           separation minimums for simultaneous operations
                                                           (See FIG 5-4-26). By flying this curved missed
                                                           approach path with high accuracy and containment
                                                           provided by RNP, dual runway operations may
                                                           continue to be used to lower ceiling and visibility
                                                           values than currently available. This type of
                                                           operation allows greater capacity at airports where it
                                                           can be applied.

                                                                                 FIG 5-4-26




     3. RNP Parallel Approach Runway
Transitions       (RPAT)        Operations. RPAT
approaches begin as a parallel IFR approach
operation using simultaneous independent or
dependent procedures. (See FIG 5-4-25). Visual
separation standards are used in the final segment of
the approach after the final approach fix, to permit the
RPAT aircraft to transition in visual conditions along
a predefined lateral and vertical path to align with the
runway centerline.


Arrival Procedures                                                                                       5-4-51