Index
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7110.65R
AIM
AIM CHG 2 3/15/07
5/26/16
12/10/15
7-1-29. Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)
FIG 7-1-19
Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Front)
Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation
Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Front)
TAF KPIT 091730Z 0918/1024 15005KT 5SM HZ FEW020 WS010/31022KT
FM091930 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015
TEMPO 0920/0922 1/2SM +TSRA OVC008CB
FM100100 27008KT 5SM SHRA BKN020 OVC040
PROB30 1004/1007 1SM -RA BR
FM101015 18005KT 6SM -SHRA OVC020
BECMG 1013/1015 P6SM NSW SKC
NOTE: Users are cautioned to confirm DATE and TIME of the TAF. For example FM100000 is
0000Z on the 10th. Do not confuse with 1000Z!
METAR KPIT 091955Z COR 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28L/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 RMK
SLP045 T01820159
Forecast Explanation Report
TAF Message type: TAF-routine or TAF AMD-amended forecast, METAR- METAR
hourly, SPECI-special or TESTM-non-commissioned ASOS report
KPIT ICAO location indicator KPIT
091730Z Issuance time: ALL times in UTC "Z", 2-digit date, 4-digit time 091955Z
0918/1024 Valid period, either 24 hours or 30 hours. The first two digits of EACH
four digit number indicate the date of the valid period, the final two di
gits indicate the time (valid from 18Z on the 9th to 24Z on the 10th).
In U.S. METAR: CORrected ob; or AUTOmated ob for automated re COR
port with no human intervention; omitted when observer logs on.
15005KT Wind: 3 digit true-north direction, nearest 10 degrees (or VaRiaBle); 22015G25KT
next 2-3 digits for speed and unit, KT (KMH or MPS); as needed, Gust
and maximum speed; 00000KT for calm; for METAR, if direction varies
60 degrees or more, Variability appended, e.g., 180V260
5SM Prevailing visibility; in U.S., Statute Miles & fractions; above 6 miles in ¾SM
TAF Plus6SM. (Or, 4-digit minimum visibility in meters and as re
quired, lowest value with direction)
Runway Visual Range: R; 2-digit runway designator Left, Center, or R28L/2600FT
Right as needed; "/", Minus or Plus in U.S., 4-digit value, FeeT in U.S.,
(usually meters elsewhere); 4-digit value Variability 4-digit value (and
tendency Down, Up or No change)
HZ Significant present, forecast and recent weather: see table (on back) TSRA
FEW020 Cloud amount, height and type: Sky Clear 0/8, FEW >0/8-2/8, ScaTtered OVC 010CB
3/8-4/8, BroKeN 5/8-7/8, OverCast 8/8; 3-digit height in hundreds of ft;
Towering Cumulus or CumulonimBus in METAR; in TAF, only CB.
Vertical Visibility for obscured sky and height "VV004". More than 1
layer may be reported or forecast. In automated METAR reports only,
CleaR for "clear below 12,000 feet"
Temperature: degrees Celsius; first 2 digits, temperature "/" last 2 digits, 18/16
dew-point temperature; Minus for below zero, e.g., M06
Altimeter setting: indicator and 4 digits; in U.S., A-inches and hun A2992
dredths; (Q-hectoPascals, e.g., Q1013)
WS010/31022KT In U.S. TAF, non-convective low-level (≤ 2,000 ft) Wind Shear; 3-digit
height (hundreds of ft); "/"; 3-digit wind direction and 2-3 digit wind
speed above the indicated height, and unit, KT
7-1-58 Meteorology
FIG 7-1-19
Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Front)
Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation
Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Front)
TAF KPIT 091730Z 0918/1024 15005KT 5SM HZ FEW020 WS010/31022KT
FM091930 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015
TEMPO 0920/0922 1/2SM +TSRA OVC008CB
FM100100 27008KT 5SM SHRA BKN020 OVC040
PROB30 1004/1007 1SM -RA BR
FM101015 18005KT 6SM -SHRA OVC020
BECMG 1013/1015 P6SM NSW SKC
NOTE: Users are cautioned to confirm DATE and TIME of the TAF. For example FM100000 is
0000Z on the 10th. Do not confuse with 1000Z!
METAR KPIT 091955Z COR 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28L/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 RMK
SLP045 T01820159
Forecast Explanation Report
TAF Message type: TAF-routine or TAF AMD-amended forecast, METAR- METAR
hourly, SPECI-special or TESTM-non-commissioned ASOS report
KPIT ICAO location indicator KPIT
091730Z Issuance time: ALL times in UTC "Z", 2-digit date, 4-digit time 091955Z
0918/1024 Valid period, either 24 hours or 30 hours. The first two digits of EACH
four digit number indicate the date of the valid period, the final two di
gits indicate the time (valid from 18Z on the 9th to 24Z on the 10th).
In U.S. METAR: CORrected ob; or AUTOmated ob for automated re COR
port with no human intervention; omitted when observer logs on.
15005KT Wind: 3 digit true-north direction, nearest 10 degrees (or VaRiaBle); 22015G25KT
next 2-3 digits for speed and unit, KT (KMH or MPS); as needed, Gust
and maximum speed; 00000KT for calm; for METAR, if direction varies
60 degrees or more, Variability appended, e.g., 180V260
5SM Prevailing visibility; in U.S., Statute Miles & fractions; above 6 miles in ¾SM
TAF Plus6SM. (Or, 4-digit minimum visibility in meters and as re
quired, lowest value with direction)
Runway Visual Range: R; 2-digit runway designator Left, Center, or R28L/2600FT
Right as needed; "/", Minus or Plus in U.S., 4-digit value, FeeT in U.S.,
(usually meters elsewhere); 4-digit value Variability 4-digit value (and
tendency Down, Up or No change)
HZ Significant present, forecast and recent weather: see table (on back) TSRA
FEW020 Cloud amount, height and type: Sky Clear 0/8, FEW >0/8-2/8, ScaTtered OVC 010CB
3/8-4/8, BroKeN 5/8-7/8, OverCast 8/8; 3-digit height in hundreds of ft;
Towering Cumulus or CumulonimBus in METAR; in TAF, only CB.
Vertical Visibility for obscured sky and height "VV004". More than 1
layer may be reported or forecast. In automated METAR reports only,
CleaR for "clear below 12,000 feet"
Temperature: degrees Celsius; first 2 digits, temperature "/" last 2 digits, 18/16
dew-point temperature; Minus for below zero, e.g., M06
Altimeter setting: indicator and 4 digits; in U.S., A-inches and hun A2992
dredths; (Q-hectoPascals, e.g., Q1013)
WS010/31022KT In U.S. TAF, non-convective low-level (≤ 2,000 ft) Wind Shear; 3-digit
height (hundreds of ft); "/"; 3-digit wind direction and 2-3 digit wind
speed above the indicated height, and unit, KT
7-1-58 Meteorology