13
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 1.1
V
EF
means the speed at which the
critical engine is assumed to fail dur-
ing takeoff.
V
F
means design flap speed.
V
FC
/
M
FC
means maximum speed for
stability characteristics.
V
FE
means maximum flap extended
speed.
V
H
means maximum speed in level
flight with maximum continuous
power.
V
LE
means maximum landing gear
extended speed.
V
LO
means maximum landing gear
operating speed.
V
LOF
means lift-off speed.
V
MC
means minimum control speed
with the critical engine inoperative.
V
MO
/
M
MO
means maximum operating
limit speed.
V
MU
means minimum unstick speed.
V
NE
means never-exceed speed.
V
NO
means maximum structural
cruising speed.
V
R
means rotation speed.
V
S
means the stalling speed or the
minimum steady flight speed at which
the airplane is controllable.
Minimum descent altitude (MDA) is the
lowest altitude specified in an instru-
ment approach procedure, expressed in
feet above mean sea level, to which de-
scent is authorized on final approach or
during circle-to-land maneuvering
until the pilot sees the required visual
references for the heliport or runway of
intended landing.
Minor alteration means an alteration
other than a major alteration.
Minor repair means a repair other
than a major repair.
National defense airspace means air-
space established by a regulation pre-
scribed, or an order issued under, 49
U.S.C. 40103(b)(3).
Navigable airspace means airspace at
and above the minimum flight alti-
tudes prescribed by or under this chap-
ter, including airspace needed for safe
takeoff and landing.
Night means the time between the
end of evening civil twilight and the
beginning of morning civil twilight, as
published in the Air Almanac, con-
verted to local time.
Nonprecision approach procedure
means a standard instrument approach
procedure in which no electronic glide
slope is provided.
Operate, with respect to aircraft,
means use, cause to use or authorize to
use aircraft, for the purpose (except as
provided in § 91.13 of this chapter) of air
navigation including the piloting of
aircraft, with or without the right of
legal control (as owner, lessee, or oth-
erwise).
Operational control, with respect to a
flight, means the exercise of authority
over initiating, conducting or termi-
nating a flight.
Overseas air commerce means the car-
riage by aircraft of persons or property
for compensation or hire, or the car-
riage of mail by aircraft, or the oper-
ation or navigation of aircraft in the
conduct or furtherance of a business or
vocation, in commerce between a place
in any State of the United States, or
the District of Columbia, and any place
in a territory or possession of the
United States; or between a place in a
territory or possession of the United
States, and a place in any other terri-
tory or possession of the United States.
Overseas air transportation means the
carriage by aircraft of persons or prop-
erty as a common carrier for com-
pensation or hire, or the carriage of
mail by aircraft, in commerce:
(1) Between a place in a State or the
District of Columbia and a place in a
possession of the United States; or
(2) Between a place in a possession of
the United States and a place in an-
other possession of the United States;
whether that commerce moves wholly
by aircraft or partly by aircraft and
partly by other forms of transpor-
tation.
Over-the-top means above the layer of
clouds or other obscuring phenomena
forming the ceiling.
Parachute means a device used or in-
tended to be used to retard the fall of
a body or object through the air.
Person means an individual, firm,
partnership, corporation, company, as-
sociation, joint-stock association, or
governmental entity. It includes a
trustee, receiver, assignee, or similar
representative of any of them.
Pilotage means navigation by visual
reference to landmarks.
Pilot in command means the person
who:
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