336
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–14 Edition)
Pt. 23, App. A
or pads as they would under flight condi-
tions, and to be reacted at the attachments
of the control system to the control surface
horn.
(b)
Dual controls. If there are dual controls,
the systems must be designed for pilots oper-
ating in opposition, using individual pilot
loads equal to 75 percent of those obtained in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this sec-
tion, except that individual pilot loads may
not be less than the minimum limit pilot
forces shown in the table in § 23.397(b).
(c)
Ground gust conditions. Ground gust con-
ditions must meet the requirements of
§ 23.415.
(d)
Secondary controls and systems. Sec-
ondary controls and systems must meet the
requirements of § 23.405.
T
ABLE
1—L
IMIT
F
LIGHT
L
OAD
F
ACTORS
[Limit flight load factors]
Flight load factors
Normal
category
Utility cat-
egory
Acrobatic
category
Flaps up:
n
1
..........................
3.8 4.4 6.0
n
2
..........................
¥
0.5 n
1
..................
..................
n
3
..........................
(
1
) ..................
..................
n
4
..........................
(
2
) ..................
..................
Flaps down:
n flap ....................
0.5 n
1
..................
..................
n flap ....................
3
Zero ..................
..................
1
Find n
3
from Fig. 1
2
Find n
4
from Fig. 2
3
Vertical wing load may be assumed equal to zero and only
the flap part of the wing need be checked for this condition.
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