411 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.51 

(ii) When the pilot is the sole occu-

pant in the aircraft; 

(iii) When the pilot, except for a 

holder of a sport or recreational pilot 
certificate, acts as pilot in command of 
an aircraft for which more than one 
pilot is required under the type certifi-
cation of the aircraft or the regula-
tions under which the flight is con-
ducted; or 

(iv) When the pilot performs the du-

ties of pilot in command while under 
the supervision of a qualified pilot in 
command provided— 

(A) The pilot performing the duties of 

pilot in command holds a commercial 
or airline transport pilot certificate 
and aircraft rating that is appropriate 
to the category and class of aircraft 
being flown, if a class rating is appro-
priate; 

(B) The pilot performing the duties of 

pilot in command is undergoing an ap-
proved pilot in command training pro-
gram that includes ground and flight 
training on the following areas of oper-
ation— 

(

1) Preflight preparation; 

(

2) Preflight procedures; 

(

3) Takeoff and departure; 

(

4) In-flight maneuvers; 

(

5) Instrument procedures; 

(

6) Landings and approaches to land-

ings; 

(

7) Normal and abnormal procedures; 

(

8) Emergency procedures; and 

(

9) Postflight procedures; 

(C) The supervising pilot in command 

holds— 

(

1) A commercial pilot certificate and 

flight instructor certificate, and air-
craft rating that is appropriate to the 
category, class, and type of aircraft 
being flown, if a class or type rating is 
required; or 

(

2) An airline transport pilot certifi-

cate and aircraft rating that is appro-
priate to the category, class, and type 
of aircraft being flown, if a class or 
type rating is required; and 

(D) The supervising pilot in command 

logs the pilot in command training in 
the pilot’s logbook, certifies the pilot 
in command training in the pilot’s log-
book and attests to that certification 
with his or her signature, and flight in-
structor certificate number. 

(2) If rated to act as pilot in com-

mand of the aircraft, an airline trans-

port pilot may log all flight time while 
acting as pilot in command of an oper-
ation requiring an airline transport 
pilot certificate. 

(3) A certificated flight instructor 

may log pilot in command flight time 
for all flight time while serving as the 
authorized instructor in an operation if 
the instructor is rated to act as pilot in 
command of that aircraft. 

(4) A student pilot may log pilot-in- 

command time only when the student 
pilot— 

(i) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft 

or is performing the duties of pilot of 
command of an airship requiring more 
than one pilot flight crewmember; 

(ii) Has a solo flight endorsement as 

required under § 61.87 of this part; and 

(iii) Is undergoing training for a pilot 

certificate or rating. 

(f) 

Logging second-in-command flight 

time.  A person may log second-in-com-
mand time only for that flight time 
during which that person: 

(1) Is qualified in accordance with the 

second-in-command requirements of 
§ 61.55 of this part, and occupies a crew-
member station in an aircraft that re-
quires more than one pilot by the air-
craft’s type certificate; or 

(2) Holds the appropriate category, 

class, and instrument rating (if an in-
strument rating is required for the 
flight) for the aircraft being flown, and 
more than one pilot is required under 
the type certification of the aircraft or 
the regulations under which the flight 
is being conducted. 

(g) 

Logging instrument time. (1) A per-

son may log instrument time only for 
that flight time when the person oper-
ates the aircraft solely by reference to 
instruments under actual or simulated 
instrument flight conditions. 

(2) An authorized instructor may log 

instrument time when conducting in-
strument flight instruction in actual 
instrument flight conditions. 

(3) For the purposes of logging in-

strument time to meet the recent in-
strument experience requirements of 
§ 61.57(c) of this part, the following in-
formation must be recorded in the per-
son’s logbook— 

(i) The location and type of each in-

strument approach accomplished; and 

(ii) The name of the safety pilot, if 

required. 

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