443 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.87 

preparation, powerplant operation, and 
aircraft systems; 

(2) Taxiing or surface operations, in-

cluding runups; 

(3) Takeoffs and landings, including 

normal and crosswind; 

(4) Straight and level flight, and 

turns in both directions; 

(5) Climbs and climbing turns; 
(6) Airport traffic patterns, including 

entry and departure procedures; 

(7) Collision avoidance, windshear 

avoidance, and wake turbulence avoid-
ance; 

(8) Descents with and without turns; 
(9) Flight at various airspeeds from 

cruise to slow flight; 

(10) Emergency procedures and equip-

ment malfunctions; 

(11) Ground reference maneuvers; 
(12) Rigging, ballasting, and control-

ling pressure in the ballonets, and 
superheating; and 

(13) Landings with positive and with 

negative static trim. 

(k) 

Maneuvers and procedures for pre- 

solo flight training in a balloon. A stu-
dent pilot who is receiving training in 
a balloon must receive and log flight 
training for the following maneuvers 
and procedures: 

(1) Layout and assembly procedures; 
(2) Proper flight preparation proce-

dures, including preflight planning and 
preparation, and aircraft systems; 

(3) Ascents and descents; 
(4) Landing and recovery procedures; 
(5) Emergency procedures and equip-

ment malfunctions; 

(6) Operation of hot air or gas source, 

ballast, valves, vents, and rip panels, as 
appropriate; 

(7) Use of deflation valves or rip pan-

els for simulating an emergency; 

(8) The effects of wind on climb and 

approach angles; and 

(9) Obstruction detection and avoid-

ance techniques. 

(l) 

Maneuvers and procedures for pre- 

solo flight training in a powered para-
chute.  A student pilot who is receiving 
training for a powered parachute rat-
ing or privileges must receive and log 
flight training for the following ma-
neuvers and procedures: 

(1) Proper flight preparation proce-

dures, including preflight planning and 
preparation, preflight assembly and 

rigging, aircraft systems, and power-
plant operations. 

(2) Taxiing or surface operations, in-

cluding run-ups. 

(3) Takeoffs and landings, including 

normal and crosswind. 

(4) Straight and level flight, and 

turns in both directions. 

(5) Climbs, and climbing turns in 

both directions. 

(6) Airport traffic patterns, including 

entry and departure procedures. 

(7) Collision avoidance, windshear 

avoidance, and wake turbulence avoid-
ance. 

(8) Descents, and descending turns in 

both directions. 

(9) Emergency procedures and equip-

ment malfunctions. 

(10) Ground reference maneuvers. 
(11) Straight glides, and gliding turns 

in both directions. 

(12) Go-arounds. 
(13) Approaches to landing areas with 

a simulated engine malfunction. 

(14) Procedures for canopy packing 

and aircraft disassembly. 

(m) 

Maneuvers and procedures for pre- 

solo flight training in a weight-shift-con-
trol aircraft. A student pilot who is re-
ceiving training for a weight-shift-con-
trol aircraft rating or privileges must 
receive and log flight training for the 
following maneuvers and procedures: 

(1) Proper flight preparation proce-

dures, including preflight planning and 
preparation, preflight assembly and 
rigging, aircraft systems, and power-
plant operations. 

(2) Taxiing or surface operations, in-

cluding run-ups. 

(3) Takeoffs and landings, including 

normal and crosswind. 

(4) Straight and level flight, and 

turns in both directions. 

(5) Climbs, and climbing turns in 

both directions. 

(6) Airport traffic patterns, including 

entry and departure procedures. 

(7) Collision avoidance, windshear 

avoidance, and wake turbulence avoid-
ance. 

(8) Descents, and descending turns in 

both directions. 

(9) Flight at various airspeeds from 

maximum cruise to slow flight. 

(10) Emergency procedures and equip-

ment malfunctions. 

(11) Ground reference maneuvers. 

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