485 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 61.193 

(xii) Slow flight and stalls; 
(xiii) Basic instrument maneuvers; 
(xiv) Emergency operations; 
(xv) Special operations; and 
(xvi) Postflight procedures. 
(6) For a glider category rating: 
(i) Fundamentals of instructing; 
(ii) Technical subject areas; 
(iii) Preflight preparation; 
(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver 

to be performed in flight; 

(v) Preflight procedures; 
(vi) Airport and gliderport oper-

ations; 

(vii) Launches and landings; 
(viii) Fundamentals of flight; 
(ix) Performance speeds; 
(x) Soaring techniques; 
(xi) Performance maneuvers; 
(xii) Slow flight, stalls, and spins; 
(xiii) Emergency operations; and 
(xiv) Postflight procedures. 
(7) For an instrument rating with the 

appropriate aircraft category and class 
rating: 

(i) Fundamentals of instructing; 
(ii) Technical subject areas; 
(iii) Preflight preparation; 
(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver 

to be performed in flight; 

(v) Air traffic control clearances and 

procedures; 

(vi) Flight by reference to instru-

ments; 

(vii) Navigation aids; 
(viii) Instrument approach proce-

dures; 

(ix) Emergency operations; and 
(x) Postflight procedures. 
(c) The flight training required by 

this section may be accomplished: 

(1) In an aircraft that is representa-

tive of the category and class of air-
craft for the rating sought; or 

(2) In a flight simulator or flight 

training device representative of the 
category and class of aircraft for the 
rating sought, and used in accordance 
with an approved course at a training 
center certificated under part 142 of 
this chapter. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42561, Aug. 21, 2009] 

§ 61.189

Flight instructor records. 

(a) A flight instructor must sign the 

logbook of each person to whom that 

instructor has given flight training or 
ground training. 

(b) A flight instructor must maintain 

a record in a logbook or a separate doc-
ument that contains the following: 

(1) The name of each person whose 

logbook or student pilot certificate 
that instructor has endorsed for solo 
flight privileges, and the date of the 
endorsement; and 

(2) The name of each person that in-

structor has endorsed for a knowledge 
test or practical test, and the record 
shall also indicate the kind of test, the 
date, and the results. 

(c) Each flight instructor must retain 

the records required by this section for 
at least 3 years. 

§ 61.191

Additional flight instructor 

ratings. 

(a) A person who applies for an addi-

tional flight instructor rating on a 
flight instructor certificate must meet 
the eligibility requirements listed in 
§ 61.183 of this part that apply to the 
flight instructor rating sought. 

(b) A person who applies for an addi-

tional rating on a flight instructor cer-
tificate is not required to pass the 
knowledge test on the areas listed in 
§ 61.185(a)(1) of this part. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997] 

§ 61.193

Flight instructor privileges. 

A person who holds a flight instruc-

tor certificate is authorized within the 
limitations of that person’s flight in-
structor certificate and ratings to 
train and issue endorsements that are 
required for: 

(a) A student pilot certificate; 
(b) A pilot certificate; 
(c) A flight instructor certificate; 
(d) A ground instructor certificate; 
(e) An aircraft rating; 
(f) An instrument rating; 
(g) A flight review, operating privi-

lege, or recency of experience require-
ment of this part; 

(h) A practical test; and 
(i) A knowledge test. 

[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; 
Amdt. 61–103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997, as 
amended by Amdt. 61–124, 74 FR 42561, Aug. 
21, 2009] 

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