486 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–14 Edition) 

§ 61.195 

§ 61.195

Flight instructor limitations 

and qualifications. 

A person who holds a flight instruc-

tor certificate is subject to the fol-
lowing limitations: 

(a) 

Hours of training. In any 24-con-

secutive-hour period, a flight instruc-
tor may not conduct more than 8 hours 
of flight training. 

(b) 

Aircraft Ratings. A flight instruc-

tor may not conduct flight training in 
any aircraft for which the flight in-
structor does not hold: 

(1) A pilot certificate and flight in-

structor certificate with the applicable 
category and class rating; and 

(2) If appropriate, a type rating. 
(c) 

Instrument Rating. A flight in-

structor who provides instrument 
training for the issuance of an instru-
ment rating, a type rating not limited 
to VFR, or the instrument training re-
quired for commercial pilot and airline 
transport pilot certificates must hold 
an instrument rating on his or her 
pilot certificate and flight instructor 
certificate that is appropriate to the 
category and class of aircraft used for 
the training provided. 

(d) 

Limitations on endorsements. A 

flight instructor may not endorse a: 

(1) Student pilot’s certificate or log-

book for solo flight privileges, unless 
that flight instructor has— 

(i) Given that student the flight 

training required for solo flight privi-
leges required by this part; and 

(ii) Determined that the student is 

prepared to conduct the flight safely 
under known circumstances, subject to 
any limitations listed in the student’s 
logbook that the instructor considers 
necessary for the safety of the flight. 

(2) Student pilot’s certificate and 

logbook for a solo cross-country flight, 
unless that flight instructor has deter-
mined the student’s flight preparation, 
planning, equipment, and proposed pro-
cedures are adequate for the proposed 
flight under the existing conditions 
and within any limitations listed in 
the logbook that the instructor con-
siders necessary for the safety of the 
flight; 

(3) Student pilot’s logbook for solo 

flight in a Class B airspace area or at 
an airport within Class B airspace un-
less that flight instructor has— 

(i) Given that student ground and 

flight training in that Class B airspace 
or at that airport; and 

(ii) Determined that the student is 

proficient to operate the aircraft safe-
ly. 

(4) Logbook of a recreational pilot, 

unless that flight instructor has— 

(i) Given that pilot the ground and 

flight training required by this part; 
and 

(ii) Determined that the recreational 

pilot is proficient to operate the air-
craft safely. 

(5) Logbook of a pilot for a flight re-

view, unless that instructor has con-
ducted a review of that pilot in accord-
ance with the requirements of § 61.56(a) 
of this part; or 

(6) Logbook of a pilot for an instru-

ment proficiency check, unless that in-
structor has tested that pilot in ac-
cordance with the requirements of 
§ 61.57(d) of this part. 

(e) 

Training in an aircraft that requires 

a type rating. A flight instructor may 
not give flight training in an aircraft 
that requires the pilot in command to 
hold a type rating unless the flight in-
structor holds a type rating for that 
aircraft on his or her pilot certificate. 

(f) 

Training received in a multiengine 

airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift. A 
flight instructor may not give training 
required for the issuance of a certifi-
cate or rating in a multiengine air-
plane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift 
unless that flight instructor has at 
least 5 flight hours of pilot-in-com-
mand time in the specific make and 
model of multiengine airplane, heli-
copter, or powered-lift, as appropriate. 

(g) 

Position in aircraft and required 

pilot stations for providing flight training. 
(1) A flight instructor must perform all 
training from in an aircraft that com-
plies with the requirements of § 91.109 
of this chapter. 

(2) A flight instructor who provides 

flight training for a pilot certificate or 
rating issued under this part must pro-
vide that flight training in an aircraft 
that meets the following require-
ments— 

(i) The aircraft must have at least 

two pilot stations and be of the same 
category, class, and type, if appro-
priate, that applies to the pilot certifi-
cate or rating sought. 

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