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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–14 Edition) 

§ 91.315 

when the occupant experiences the ul-
timate inertia forces specified in 
§ 23.561(b)(2) of this chapter. The shoul-
der harness installation at each flight 
crewmember station must permit the 
crewmember, when seated and with the 
safety belt and shoulder harness fas-
tened, to perform all functions nec-
essary for flight operation. For pur-
poses of this paragraph— 

(1) The date of manufacture of an air-

plane is the date the inspection accept-
ance records reflect that the airplane is 
complete and meets the FAA-approved 
type design data; and 

(2) A front seat is a seat located at a 

flight crewmember station or any seat 
located alongside such a seat. 

§ 91.315

Limited category civil aircraft: 

Operating limitations. 

No person may operate a limited cat-

egory civil aircraft carrying persons or 
property for compensation or hire. 

§ 91.317

Provisionally certificated civil 

aircraft: Operating limitations. 

(a) No person may operate a provi-

sionally certificated civil aircraft un-
less that person is eligible for a provi-
sional airworthiness certificate under 
§ 21.213 of this chapter. 

(b) No person may operate a provi-

sionally certificated civil aircraft out-
side the United States unless that per-
son has specific authority to do so from 
the Administrator and each foreign 
country involved. 

(c) Unless otherwise authorized by 

the Director, Flight Standards Service, 
no person may operate a provisionally 
certificated civil aircraft in air trans-
portation. 

(d) Unless otherwise authorized by 

the Administrator, no person may op-
erate a provisionally certificated civil 
aircraft except— 

(1) In direct conjunction with the 

type or supplemental type certification 
of that aircraft; 

(2) For training flight crews, includ-

ing simulated air carrier operations; 

(3) Demonstration flight by the man-

ufacturer for prospective purchasers; 

(4) Market surveys by the manufac-

turer; 

(5) Flight checking of instruments, 

accessories, and equipment that do not 

affect the basic airworthiness of the 
aircraft; or 

(6) Service testing of the aircraft. 
(e) Each person operating a provi-

sionally certificated civil aircraft shall 
operate within the prescribed limita-
tions displayed in the aircraft or set 
forth in the provisional aircraft flight 
manual or other appropriate document. 
However, when operating in direct con-
junction with the type or supplemental 
type certification of the aircraft, that 
person shall operate under the experi-
mental aircraft limitations of § 21.191 of 
this chapter and when flight testing, 
shall operate under the requirements of 
§ 91.305 of this part. 

(f) Each person operating a provision-

ally certificated civil aircraft shall es-
tablish approved procedures for— 

(1) The use and guidance of flight and 

ground personnel in operating under 
this section; and 

(2) Operating in and out of airports 

where takeoffs or approaches over pop-
ulated areas are necessary. No person 
may operate that aircraft except in 
compliance with the approved proce-
dures. 

(g) Each person operating a provi-

sionally certificated civil aircraft shall 
ensure that each flight crewmember is 
properly certificated and has adequate 
knowledge of, and familiarity with, the 
aircraft and procedures to be used by 
that crewmember. 

(h) Each person operating a provi-

sionally certificated civil aircraft shall 
maintain it as required by applicable 
regulations and as may be specially 
prescribed by the Administrator. 

(i) Whenever the manufacturer, or 

the Administrator, determines that a 
change in design, construction, or oper-
ation is necessary to ensure safe oper-
ation, no person may operate a provi-
sionally certificated civil aircraft until 
that change has been made and ap-
proved. Section 21.99 of this chapter ap-
plies to operations under this section. 

(j) Each person operating a provision-

ally certificated civil aircraft— 

(1) May carry in that aircraft only 

persons who have a proper interest in 
the operations allowed by this section 
or who are specifically authorized by 
both the manufacturer and the Admin-
istrator; and 

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