AIM

4/3/14

4−5−15

Surveillance Systems

FIG 4

−5−7

ADS

−B, TIS−B, and FIS−B:

Broadcast Services Architecture

3.

ADS B avionics can have the ability to both

transmit and receive information. The transmission

of ADS−B information from an aircraft is known as

ADS−B Out. The receipt of ADS−B information by

an aircraft is known as ADS−B In. On January 1,

2020, all aircraft operating within the airspace

defined in 14 CFR part 91, § 91.225 will be required

to transmit the information defined in § 91.227

using ADS−B Out avionics.

4.

In general, operators flying at 18,000 feet and

above will require equipment which uses 1090 ES.

Those that do not fly above 18,000 may use either

UAT or 1090ES equipment. (Refer to 14 CFR 91.225

and 91.227.) While the regulation will not require it,

operators equipped with ADS−B In will realize

additional benefits from ADS−B broadcast services:

Traffic Information Service – Broadcast (TIS−B)

(paragraph 4−5−8) and Flight Information Service −

Broadcast (FIS−B) (paragraph 4−5−9).

b. ADS

−B Certification and Performance

Requirements

ADS−B equipment may be certified as a surveillance

source for air traffic separation services using

ADS−B Out. ADS−B equipment may also be

certified for use with ADS−B In advisory services

that enable appropriately equipped aircraft to

display traffic and flight information. Refer to the

aircraft’s flight manual supplement or Pilot

Operating Handbook for the capabilities of a specific

aircraft installation.

c. ADS

−B Capabilities

1.

ADS−B enables improved surveillance ser-

vices, both air−to−air and air−to−ground, especially

in areas where radar is ineffective due to terrain or

where it is impractical or cost prohibitive. Initial NAS

applications of air−to−air ADS−B are for “advisory”

use only, enhancing a pilot’s visual acquisition of

other nearby equipped aircraft either when airborne

or on the airport surface. Additionally, ADS−B will

enable ATC and fleet operators to monitor aircraft

throughout the available ground station coverage

area.

2.

ADS−B avionics typically allow pilots to

enter the aircraft’s call sign and Air Traffic Control

(ATC)−assigned transponder code, which will be

transmitted to other aircraft and ground receivers.

Pilots are cautioned to use care when selecting and